Using Average True Range for Exits

ATR在离市中的应用

In this Bulletin we will show how ATR can help us achieve more accurateexits.

在本文中我们将向大家展示ATR如何帮助我们更准确的离市

ATR EXIT TARGETS: Perhaps the most valuable of all application of ATR is to use it to define profit objectives. If we were to run some tests to define profit objective in terms of dollars we could probably find a particular dollar amount that produced acceptable results when reviewing historical data. Just as an example, let\'s assume that we run some optimizations to find the best level at which to take profits in a particular market and we find that the best number is $1250. Although this amount may produce acceptable results on a historical basis it is not always the best solution to the problem.

ATR出场策略：或许ATR最有价值的应用是用来确定盈利目标。如果我们对用美元数量表示的盈利目标进行测试，我们很可能找到这样一个美元数量表示的盈利目标，它在历史数据测试中能产生理想的回报。比如，假设我们经过优化后已经找到能在某一特定市场获得正期望收益的最佳盈利目标——1250美元。虽然该方法能在历史测试中获得满意效果，但这不是解决問題的最好方法。

When the market is quiet and there is little volatility our profits are likely to fall well short of our $1250 objective. However when the market is volatile and trending strongly our potential profit might be much greater than $1250. The $1250 level is simply a not so happy medium that is usually either too large a target or too small a target.

当市场平静的时，波动性变小，我们的盈利极可能低于1250美元的目标；然而当市场波动性变大，而且形成一个强劲的趋势，我们的潜在盈利很可能远大于1250美元。1250美元的目标水平无法让人满意，要么有时目标水平太高，要么有时目标水平太低。

On the other hand if we measure our profit objective in terms of ATR we have a much more robust and logical solution. Lets assume that we run our tests again looking for units of ATR instead of dollars. Assume our research shows us that our best profit objective is now expressed as 4 ATRs. In a normal market 4 ATRs might be equal to $1250, the same as our dollar denominated target. However in a quiet market 4 ATRS might only be $800. The advantage of our ATR research is that while our original $1250 target is no longer obtainable because of the quiet market conditions the ATR target has adapted to the change in volatility and can still be achieved.

相反，如果我们用ATR来限定我们的盈利目标，我们将会找到一个更强健更合理的解决方法。让我们用ATR代替美元作为盈利目标单位，重新进行测试，测试结果表明最佳盈利目标是4ATR。在正常情况下，4ATR的盈利目标就等于1250美元的盈利目标；然而在市场平静时，4ATR可能仅等于800美元。ATR作为盈利目标单位的优点在于：当市场变平静时，原来1250美元的盈利目标无法实现，而ATR能随着波动性的改变而改变，因而原来的4ATR盈利目标还能实现。

Increases in volatility produce an even more dramatic effect. Let\'s assume that the market is suddenly streaking in one direction because of some important news. Our 4 ATRs is now $5,000. Wouldn抰 it be a shame if our system was taking profits of $1250 when the market is willing to give us $5,000 or more.

波动性增加能带来更大的影响。比如某一重要的新闻使市场突然向某一方向飞跑，我们4ATR的目标现在相当于5000美元，所以当市场能给我们5000美元或更多的时候，我们却把盈利目标定为1250美元，这样的交易系统难道不会让我们很没面子吗？

streak Vi 快速移动，飞跑；Vt使布满条纹

n 条纹，纹理；（of）个性特征［倾向］；一段时期

In addition to setting profit objectives, ATR can also be very helpful in placing trailing stops. Here are two examples that you may recall from discussions on the FORUM page and past BULLETINS.

除了帮我们设定盈利目标，ATR还能帮助我们设置跟踪止损点。这里我们举两个例子，或许你会记得我们以前在论坛和通讯里面讨论过。

THE CHANDELIER EXIT: We have often advocated the importance of good exits and this is one of our favorites. The exit stop is placed at a multiple of average true ranges from the highest high or highest close since the entry of the trade. As the highs get higher the stop moves up but it never moves downward.

吊灯止损法：我们常常强调一个好的离市在交易中的重要性，我们喜欢这么强调。我们把止损点放在离我们入市后的最高点或最高收盘价某一ATR处，随着高点越变越高，我们的止损点也逐渐上移，而不是下移。

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