ÈÕ±¾µÄË¥ÍË
Ò²ÐíÈÕ±¾µÄµØ²úºÍ¹ÉÊÐÔì¾ÍÁË20ÊÀ½çÄ©×î´óµÄͶ»ú·ç³±¡£´Ó1955Äêµ½1990Ä꣬ÈÕ±¾·¿µØ²úµÄ¼ÛÖµÔö³¤ÁË75±¶¡£1990Ä꣬ÈÕ±¾µØ²úµÄ×ܼÛÖµÔ¤¼ÆΪ20ÍòÒÚÃÀÔª£¬Ï൱ÓÚÊÀ½ç×ܲƸ»µÄ20%¶à£¬ÊÇÈ«Çò¹ÉÊÐ×ÜÊÐÖµµÄ2±¶¡£ÃÀ‡øÔÚµØÀíÉϱÈÈÕ±¾´ó25±¶£¬µ«ÊÇ1990ÄêÈÕ±¾µØ²úµÄ¼ÛÖµÏ൱ÓÚÃÀ‡øÈ«‡øµØ²ú×ÜÖµµÄ5±¶¡£´ÓÀíÂÛÉÏ˵£¬ÈÕ±¾¿ÉÒÔÂôµô¶«¾©£¬¶øÂòÏÂÈ«ÃÀ‡ø¡£Ö»ÒªÂôµô»Ê¹¬£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÂòÏÂÕû¸ö¼ÓÖÝ¡£ÅÝÄ»¹±íÏÖÔÚÈÕ±¾µÄ¸ß¶û·òÇò½Ì³ÌÉÏ£¬1990Ä꣬ÈÕ±¾¸ß¶û·òÇò¿ÎµÄ¼ÛÖµ´ïµ½ÁË5000ÒÚÃÀÔª£¬ÊÇ°Ä´óÀûÑǽ»Ò׵ĹÉƱµÄ×ÜÊÐÖµµÄ2±¶¡£
¹ÉÊÐÒ²·öÒ¡Ö±ÉÏ¡£´Ó1955Äêµ½1990Ä꣬¹ÉƱµÄ¼Û¸ñÔö³¤ÁË100±¶¡£µ½1989Äêµ×¸ß·åʱ£¬ÈÕ±¾¹ÉÊеÄ×ÜÊÐÖµ¸ß´ï4ÍòÒÚÃÀÔª£¬ÊÇÃÀ‡ø¹ÉÊеÄ1.5±¶£¬Ï൱ÓÚÈ«Çò¹ÉÊÐ×ÜÊÐÖµµÄ45%¡£ÈÕ±¾µÄ¹ÉƱÊÐÓ¯Âʶ¼ÔÚ60±¶ÒÔÉÏ£¬Ï൱ÓÚ5±¶µÄÕËÃæ¼ÛÖµºÍ200±¶µÄºìÀû¡£Ïà±È¶øÑÔ£¬ÃÀ‡ø¹ÉÊеÄÊÐÓ¯ÂÊÔÚ15±¶×óÓÒ£¬Â׶ØÊÐÓ¯ÂÊÔÚ12±¶×óÓÒ¡£Èç¹û°Ñ¹«Ë¾Ö®¼äÏà±È½Ï£¬ÈÕ±¾µÄ¹É¼Û¾Í¸üΪ¾ªÈË¡£ÈÕ±¾µÄµçОÞÍ·NTT¹«Ë¾µÄÊÐÖµ£¬³¬¹ýÁËAT&T¡¢IBM¡¢Exxon¡¢Í¨ÓõçÆø¡¢Í¨ÓÃÆû³µµÄÊÐÖµ×ܺ͡£Ò°´å֤ȯÊÇÈÕ±¾×î´óµÄ¹ÉƱ¾¼ÍÉÌ£¬ËüµÄÊÐÖµ³¬¹ýÁËÃÀ‡øËùÓйÉƱ¾¼Í¹«Ë¾µÄ×ܺ͡£
Á½¸öÉñ»°Íƶ¯Á˵زúºÍ¹ÉÊеļ۸ñ²»¶ÏÉÏÑï¡£µÚÒ»¸öÊÇÈÕ±¾µÄµØ¼ÛÓÀßh²»»áϽµ£»µÚ¶þ¸öÊǹÉƱµÄ¼Û¸ñÖ»»áÉÏÉý¡£ÓëÖЇøÈËÀàËÆ£¬ÈÕ±¾ÈËÓÐ×Å´æÇ®µÄ´«Í³£¬µ«µ±Ê±ÈÕ±¾µÄ´æ¿îÀûÂʼ«µÍ£¨²»µ½1%£©£¬´óÁ¿µÄÏÖ½ð´Ó´¢ÐîÓ¿µ½¹ÉÊУ¬³´¹É³ÉΪȫ‡øµÄÖ°Òµ¡£È«‡øÿ¸ö½ÇÂ䶼ÓйÉƱ¾¼ÍÈË¡£
ÈÕ±¾¹«Ë¾Ò²ÔÚ¹ÉÊзè¿ñÖаçÑÝÁËÖØÒªµÄ½ÇÉ«¡£¹«Ë¾±»ÔÊÐí½¨Á¢Ë°ÊÕÓŻݵĻ§Í·³´¹É£¬Ôڸ߷åÆÚ£¬¹«Ë¾´Ó¹ÉÊлñÀûÍùÍù±È´Ó²úÆ·»ñÀû¸ü¶à¡£ÕâÑùµÄºÃ»ú»á²»ÈÝ´í¹ý¡£´ËÍ⣬ÓÉÓÚÒøÐÐÀûÂʺܵͣ¬ÆóÒµ´ÓÒøÐдû¿î³´¹É³ÉΪ¿ÉÄÜ¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬ÆóÒµÔÚÅ·ÖÞ·¢ÐÐծȯµÄÀûÂÊÖ»ÓÐ1%¡£Êг¡³Á½þÔÚһƬÀÖ¹ÛÖ÷ÒåµÄÆø·ÕÖС£
¹ÉÊеÄÖ§³ÖÕ߶ÔÍâ½çÀíÐÔµÄÖÊÒÉÓÐ×Å×Ô¼ºµÄ½âÊÍ¡£ÊÐÓ¯ÂÊÊÇ·ñÒѾ´ïµ½¶¥²ã£¿¹É¼ÛÊÇ·ñÌ«¸ß£¿ÈÕ±¾È˶Դ˵Ļشð¶¼ÊÇ£º·ñ¡£ËûÃǵĽâÊÍÊÇ£ºÈÕ±¾ÊÇÒ»¸ö“²»Í¬µÄÊг¡”¡£Ã¿¸öÈÕ±¾×¨¼Ò¶¼ÏàÐŲÆÕþ²¿»áÕÒ³ö°ì·¨±ÜÃâÒ»Çв»Óä¿ì¡£Èç¹ûµØ¼Ûϵø£¬ËûÃÇ»áÏÞÖƵزúµÄʹÓá£ËûÃÇÒ²¿ÉÒÔÐ޸ķ¨ÂÉ£¬ÒÔ±ÜÃâ¹ÉÊÐÉϳöÏֵıײ¡¡£Õâ·N¹ÛµãÔÚÊÀ½ç½ðÈÚ½ç¹ã·ºÁ÷´«£¬´ó¼Ò¶¼ÏàÐÅÈÕ±¾Õþ¸®ÔÚÖ§³ÖºÍ²Ù×ÝÊг¡£¬²¢ÇÒ½ñºó»¹»á¼ÌÐøÖ§³Ö£¬ÒÔά³Ö¸ß¸ßÔÚÉϵĹɼۣ¬»ñÈ¡¾¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄÁ®¼Û×ʱ¾¡£¾ÍÕâÑùÅÝÄÔ½´µÔ½´ó£¬ÀÖ¹ÛÇéÐ÷¼¤ÀøÁ˸üÀÖ¹ÛÇéÐ÷£¬Í¶»úÕßÀûÓùÉƱÖÊѺ´û¿îÂòеĵزú£¬ÔÙÓÃÕâЩµØ²úÈ¥ÖÊѺÂò¸ü¶àµÄйɡ£
ÕâЩͶ»úÕßÏàО¼ÃµÄ»ù±¾¹æÂɲ»ÔÙÊÊÓÃÓÚÈÕ±¾¡£È»¶øËûÃÇʧËãÁË¡£ÓÐÒâ˼µÄÊÇ£¬Í±ÆÆÅÝĵÄÊÇÈÕ±¾Õþ¸®×Ô¼º¡£1990ÄêÈÕ±¾ÒøÐУ¨ÈÕ±¾µÄÖÐÑëÒøÐУ©¿´µ½·è¿ñµÄ½èÇ®³´×÷¹ÉÊк͵زúÒѾµ¼ÖÂͨ»õÅòÕÍ£¬Îª±ÜÃâͨ»õÅòÕÍ´øÀ´µÄÆóÒµ²ú³öϽµºÍʧҵ†–î}£¬ÖÐÑëÒøÐоö¶¨½ôËõÒø¸ùÌá¸ßÀûÂÊ£¬ËûÃÇÏ£ÍûÄܹ»Ê¹¹ýÈȵĵزúºÍ¹ÉÊÐÂýÂý»Øµ÷¡£
ÀûÂÊÔÚ1989ÄêÒѾÉϵ÷£¬1990ÄêÓÖÔٴδó·ùÉϵ÷¡£¹ÉÊв¢Ã»ÓÐÏñÈÕ±¾Õþ¸®ÏëÏóµÄÄÇÑùµ÷Õû£¬¶øÊÇһϱÀÀ£ÁË¡£Õâ´Î¹ÉÔÖÆÄËÆÃÀ‡ø1929Äêµ½1932ÄêµÄ¹ÉÔÖ£¬ÈÕ±¾¹ÉÊÐÈÕ¾Ö¸ÊýÔÚ1989ÄêÄ©´ïµ½ÁË´´¼Í¼µÄ40000µã£¬ÔÚ1992Äê8ÔÂÖÐʱ£¬Ö»Ê£ÏÂÁË14309µã£¬ÏµøÁË63%¡£¶øµÀÇí˹ָÊý´Ó1929ÄêµÄ¸ßµãµøµ¹1932ÄêµÄµÍµãʱ£¬ÏµøÁË66%¡£Õû¸ö90Äê´ú£¬ÈÕ±¾µÄ¹ÉÊÐÒ»Ö±µÍÃÔ²»Õñ£¬ÈÕ±¾Ç¿¾¢µÄ¾¼ÃÒ²Êܵ½Ó°Ï죬ÏÝÈëË¥ÍË¡£
·¿µØ²úÊг¡µÄ±ÀÀ£ºÜÄѺâÁ¿£¬ÒòΪÕâЩµØ²ú´Óδת¹ýÊÖ£¬1990Äêʱ£¬·¿µØ²ú¼Û¸ñϵøµÄ·ù¶È¼¸ºõÓë¹ÉÊÐϵøµÄ·ù¶ÈÏ൱¡£ÅÝĵÄÆÆÃð´òËéÁËÈÕ±¾µÄ“Éñ»°”£¬¾¼Ã¹æÂÉ´ÓÀ´¶¼ÊÇûÓЇø½çµÄ¡£
InternetÔì¾ÍµÄ·è¿ñ
ºÁÎÞÒÉÎÊ£¬20ÊÀ¼ÍÄ©µÄÖ÷½ÇÊÇInternet¡£Internet¸øÈËÃǵÄÉú»î·½Ê½´øÀ´Á˾޴óµÄ±ä¸ï£¬Ò²¸Ä±äÁËÕû¸öÆóÒµµÄÔË×÷¹æÂÉ¡£ÕýÈç60¡«70Äê´úµÄµç×Ó¡¢80Äê´úµÄÉúÎï¼¼ÊõÒ»Ñù£¬90Äê´úµÄInternet´ø¸øͶ×ÊÕßеÄÏ£Íû£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²³ÉΪÐÂÒ»ÂÖÅÝĵÄÖ÷½Ç¡£Ò»Ê±¼ä£¬.com¹«Ë¾±»ÓþΪо¼ÃµÄ´ú±í£¬.com¹«Ë¾µÄÁìµ¼±»ÓþΪÊý×Ö¾«Ó¢¡£ÍøÂç¹ÉµÄ´ú±íYahoo¡¢Amazon¡¢EbayµÄ¹É¼ÛÔÚÒ»ÄêÄÚ¾ÍÉÏÕÇ10±¶¡£ËùÓеÄÈ˶¼ÔÚ×ö×ÅÒ»Ò¹±©¸»µÄÃÀÃΣ¬Ã¿¸öÈ˶¼ÏëÓµÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄ.com¹«Ë¾¡£ÎÒÃÇ»¹ÇåÎúµØ¼ÇµÃһЩÖøÃûÉÌѧԺµÄMBA£¬¶¼Ï£Íûµ½ÍøÂ繫˾µ±CEO£¬Ò»Ð©ÖøÃûͶ×ÊÒøÐеĸ߲ã¹ÜÀíÈËÔ±Ò²¶¼ÀëÖ°µ½ÍøÂ繫˾µ±ÁËCEO¡£
¶ÔÍøÂ繫˾µÄÆÀ¼Û£¬ÒÔÇ°µÄ±ê×¼Ò²ÒÑÍêÈ«²»Êʺϡ£Ã»ÓÐÈËÔÙÀ´¼ÆËãÊÐÓ¯ÂÊ£¨µ±È»£¬Ò»°ãÀ´ËµÍøÂ繫˾ҲûÓÐÓ¯Àû£©£¬ÉõÖÁÊÐÏúÂÊÒ²±»Å×Æú¡£¿÷Ëð³ÉΪһ·N¹âÈÙ£¬Ã»Óо޶îµÄ¿÷Ë𣬾ÍûÓо޴óµÄ·¢Õ¹¡£Í¶×ÊÒøÐз¢Ã÷ÁËеļÆËã·½·¨À´ËµÃ÷¹É¼ÛµÄºÏÀíÐÔ£¬“×¢ÒâÁ¦¾¼Ã”³ÉΪÕâ´ÎÀ˳±µÄÁ÷ÐÐÃû´Ê£¬ÎÒÃÇ¿´µ½ÁËÍêÈ«²»Í¬µÄºâÁ¿Ö¸±ê£ºµã»÷ÂÊ¡¢Ò³Ãæä¯ÀÀ´ÎÊý¡¢×¢²áÈËÊýµÈµÈ¡£
ÖÚ¶àµÄ·çÏÕͶ×ʽ«×¢ÒâÁ¦¼¯Öе½Internet£¬Í¶×ÊÒ»ÇÐÓëInternetÏà¹ØµÄ¹«Ë¾¡£ÐµÄ.com¹«Ë¾ÏñÓêºó´ºËñ°ã³É³¤ÆðÀ´£¬Ôì³ÉÁËÕâ¸öÐÐÒµ¼¤ÁҵľºÕù¸ñ¾Ö¡£¹«Ë¾´´Á¢µ½IPOÖ»ÐèÒªÒ»Äêʱ¼ä£¬Ð·¢¹ÉƱµÄÀ˳±ÔÙ´ÎÏÆÆð£¬ÐµĸÅÄî²ã³ö²»ÇÃÅ»§ÍøÕ¾¡¢µç×ÓÉÌÎñÍøÕ¾¡¢ÍøÂ繫˾µÄ¹É¼Û·ÉÕÇ£¬ÔÚ·¢Ðеĵ±ÈÕ¾ÍÉÏÕÇ500%ÒѲ»ÊÇÏ¡ÆæµÄÊ¡£Ò»¼ÒûÓÐÈκÎÓ¯ÀûµÄÍøÂ繫˾µÄ¹ÉƱ¿ÉÒÔÕǵ½100ÃÀÔªÒÔÉÏ£¬ÓÐЩ¹«Ë¾µÄ¹ÉƱ¾¹È»Õǵ½300¶àÃÀÔª¡£ÖÚ¶àͶ×Ê»ù½ðµÄ×·ÅõʹµÃÅÝÄÔ½´µÔ½´ó£¬ÃÀ‡øÄÉ˹´ï¿ËÖ¸ÊýÔÚ½ñÄêµÄ¸ßµã´ïµ½5132µã¡£
¸ß´¦²»Ê¤º®£¬ÅÝĵÄÆÆÃðÊDZØÈ»µÄ¡£ÒѾºÜ´àÈõµÄ¹ÉÊо²»ÆðÈκεķ紵²Ý¶¯¡£ÃÀ‡øһЩÖøÃûµÄͶ×ÊÒøÐеķÖÎöÔ±·¢±í±¨¸æ£¬¶ÔÍøÂ繫˾µÄÓ¯ÀûÇ°¾°±íʾµ£ÓÇ£¬½¨Òé¼õ³Ö¡£ÕâÒý·¢Á˹ÉÊеĿñк£¬´Ó2000Äê4Ô¿ªÊ¼µ½ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÄÉ˹´ï¿ËÖ¸Êý×îµÍÒѵøµ½ÁË2800¶àµã£¬µø·ù½Ó½ü50%£¬¶øÍøÂç¹É¸üÊÇÖØÔÖÇø£¬µøÈ¥90%ÒÔÉϵĹÉƱ²»ÔÚÉÙÊý¡£Í¶×ÊÕßÓֻص½ÁË»ù±¾µÄ±ê×¼——Ó¯Àû¡£
ÔÚÕâÒ»ÂÖµÄÅÝÄÖУ¬ÖЇø¹«Ë¾Ò²±»¾íÁ˽øÈ¥£¬¾ÀúÁËͬÑùµÄÏ´Àñ¡£Ò»ÄêÒÔÇ°£¬Ëƺõÿ¼ÒÖЇøÍøÂçÆóÒµ¶¼ã¿ã½×ÅÈ¥ÄÉ˹´ï¿ËÉÏÊУ¬ÏÖÔÚÕâ¸öÃÎÏë»ù±¾ÒѾÆÆÃð¡£ÒѾÔÚÄÉ˹´ï¿ËÉÏÊеÄÈý´óÍøÂ繫˾µÄ±íÏÖÒ²¸øºóÀ´ÕßÒ»¸ö¾¯Ê¾£¬¹É¼Û³ÉΪÄÑÑÔ֮ʹ¡£
ûÓÐÈË·ñÈÏInternet¸øÈËÀàÉç»á½«´øÀ´¾Þ´óµÄ½ø²½£¬µç×ÓÉÌÎñÒ²½«ÊÇδÀ´ÉÌÎñ·¢Õ¹µÄÇ÷ÊÆ¡£È»¶ø£¬¶ÔÓÚÕâÑùÒ»¸ö¸ß¶È¾ºÕù¡¢½øÈë±ÚÀݺܵ͵ÄÐÐÒµ£¬ÓÃÆóҵDZÔÚµÄÊÕÈë×÷ΪÊÐÏúÂÊÆÀ¹ÀµÄ»ù´¡ÊÇÊ®·ÖΣÏյġ£ËäÈ»ÖÕ¹é»áÓÐһЩÍøÂ繫˾´æ»îÏÂÀ´£¬µ«´ó²¿·Ö¹«Ë¾»áÔÚÏ£ÍûÖÐÏûʧ£¬´ø¸øͶ×ÊÈ˾޴óµÄËðʧ¡£
µ½20ÊÀ¼Í90Äê´úÄ©£¬Í¶×Ê»ù½ðµÄ½»Ò׶îÒѾÔÚÃÀ‡ø¹ÉÊÐÕ¼µ½90%ÒÔÉÏ£¬¶ø60Äê´úÕâ¸öÊý×·N»ÓÐ50%¡£Í¶×Ê»ù½ðÔÚ¹ÉÊÐÖеķÖÁ¿Ô½À´Ô½´ó£¬°´Àí˵¹ÉÊÐÓ¦¸Ã·¢Õ¹¸üΪƽÎÈ£¬¶øÎÒÃÇÖ»¿´µ½ÅÝÄÒ»²¨Ò»²¨µØ³É³¤¡£×î½üÕâ´ÎInternetÅÝÄÊÇÎÒÃÇÿ¸öÈ˶¼¾ÀúÁ˵ģ¬ÍøÂç¹É³åÌìµÄ¼Û¸ñÈÃÎÒÃÇÿ¸öÈ˶¼¸Ðµ½Õ𾪡£ÕâЩ»ú¹¹Í¶×ÊÕß²¢²»ÊÇ°´ÕÕ¹«Ë¾µÄÄÚÔÚ¼ÛÖµ±»µÍ¹ÀµÄÔÔòȥͶ×Ê£¬ËûÃÇÖ»ÊÇÔڶIJ©£¬¶ÄһЩ¸ü´óµÄɵ¹Ï»á´ÓËûÃÇÊ·NÐÒÔ¸ü¸ßµÄ¼Û¸ñÂò×ß¹ÉƱ¡£
ÕýÈçÃÀ‡øһλ½ðÈÚ¼ÒËù˵µÄ£ºÖ»ÒªÄãÈ¥ÕÒ£¬Ã¿Ò»¼þÊÂÄ㶼ÄÜ·¢ÏÖËüµÄÉÁ¹âµã¡££¨Everything'sgotamoralifonlyyoucanfindit£©¡£Ã¿Ò»ÂÖÅÝĵÄÆÆÃ𣬶¼»á´øÀ´Ò»¶Îʱ¼äµÄÏôÌõÆÚ£»È»ºóÐÂÒ»ÂÖµÄÅÝÄÓÖ»áÔÚеĸÅÄî°ü×°Ï·ÛÄ«µÇ³¡¡£²»Í¬µÄÊÇÔÚÅÝÄÆÆÃðÖ®ºó£¬¶Ô¾¼ÃµÄÓ°ÏìÓжà´ó¡£ÈÕ±¾ÔÚÅÝĵÄ×î¸ßµã£¬¹ÉÊдﵽ40000µã£¬¶øÊ®ÄêºóµÄ½ñÌ죬ȴÒÀÈ»ÅÇ»²ÔÚ14000¶àµã¡£¡¾½»Ò×֪ʶwww.irich.com.cn § macd.org.cn ÊÕ¼¯ÕûÀí¡¿
ÎÒ‡ø»¦ÉîÁ½µØ¹ÉÊÐÏÖÔÚƽ¾ùÊÐÓ¯ÂÊÔÚ67±¶×óÓÒ£¬±ÈÆðµ±ÄêµÄÈÕ±¾ÓйýÖ®¶øÎÞ²»¼°£¬ÏÖÔÚ‡øÄڵĻú¹¹Í¶×ÊÕ߳䵱×ÅÊг¡µÄÖ÷Á¦£¬²»¶ÏµØÓôó¹æÄ£µÄ×ʽðÀ¸ß¹É¼Û£¬´ÓÖлñÀû¡£²»¹ÜÈçºÎ£¬ÔÚÕâÑùÒ»¸öÓÎÏ·Ï£¬Ã¿¸öÈ˶¼ÖªµÀ×Ô¼ºÊÇÔڶIJ©¡£ÕâÑùµÄÌåϵÊÇÊ®·Ö´àÈõµÄ£¬Ò»µ©³öÏִ̼¤£¬»á´øÀ´Õû¸öÌåϵµÄ¾çÁÒ¶¯µ´¡£
֤ȯͶ×Ê»ù½ð×÷Ϊһ¸öÓ®ÀûÐÔ»ú¹¹£¬ËüÒªÉú´æ¾Í±ØÐëÔÚ»ù½ðµÄÔË×÷¹ý³ÌÖлñµÃÀûÈó¡£»ù½ðÔÚͶ×ʹÉÊÐÔË×÷ÖУ¬ÆäÖ÷ÒªÊÕÈëʵ¼ÊÉÏÀ´×ÔÓÚ¹ÉƱÂòÂô²î¼Û¡£Èç¹û¹ÉÖ¸»ò¹É¼Û»ù±¾²»²¨¶¯£¬ÄÇô£¬»ù½ð¾ÍÎÞ·¨´Ó¹ÉƱ½»Ò×ÖлñµÃ²î¼ÛÊÕÈ룬Òò´Ë£¬´ÓÆä±¾ÐÔÉÏ£¬»ù½ðΪÁË»ñµÃ¸ü´óµÄÀûÈ󣬶ԹÉÊеIJ¨¶¯»áÆðµ½ÍƲ¨ÖúÀ½µÄ×÷Óá£
Ͷ×Ê»ù½ð¶ÔÓÚ¹ÉÊеÄ×÷Óã¬ÎÒÃÇÓ¦±çÖ¤¿´´ý¡£²»Ó¦Ö»¿´µ½ËüºÃµÄÒ»Ã棬¶ÔÓÚËü¶ÔÊг¡µÄÅÝÄ×÷Óã¬ÎÒÃǸüÓ¦³ä·ÖÈÏʶ¡£