ÆÚ»õÊг¡¸ÅÊö
1¡¢ÆÚ»õÊг¡µÄ²úÉú
ÏÖ´úÒâÒåÉϵÄÆÚ»õÊг¡²úÉúÓÚÃÀ‡ø£¬1848Äê82λÉÌÈË·¢Æð×éÖ¯ÁËÖ¥¼Ó¸çÆÚ»õ½»Ò×Ëù£¨CBOT£©£¬Ä¿µÄÊǸĽøÔËÊäÓë´¢´æÌõ¼þ£¬Îª»áÔ±ÌṩÐÅÏ¢£»1851ÄêÖ¥¼Ó¸çÆÚ»õ½»Ò×ËùÒý½øÔ¶ÆÚºÏͬ£»1865ÄêÍƳöµÚÒ»Õűê×¼»¯ºÏÔ¼£¬Í¬Ê±ÊµÐб£Ö¤½ðÖƶȣ¨²»³¬¹ýºÏÔ¼¼ÛÖµµÄ10%£©£¬ÕâÊǾßÓÐÀúÊ·ÒâÒåµÄÖƶȴ´Ð£»1882Äê½»Ò×ËùÔÊÐíÒԶԳ巽ʽÃâ³ýÂÄÔ¼ÔðÈΣ¬Ôö¼ÓÁËÆÚ»õ½»Ò×µÄÁ÷¶¯ÐÔ¡£
2¡¢‡ø¼ÊÆÚ»õÊг¡µÄ·¢Õ¹Ç÷ÊÆ
Ëæ×ÅÊÀ½ç¾¼ÃµÄÒ»Ì廯ºÍ×ʱ¾Á÷¶¯µÄÎÞ‡ø½ç»¯½ø³Ì¼Ó¿ì£¬ÆÚ»õÊг¡Ò²°lÉúÁ˺ܴóµÄ±ä»¯£¬Ö÷Òª±íÏÖÔÚ£º
µÚÒ»£ºÉÌÆ·ÆÚ»õ¼ÌÐø·¢Õ¹£¬½ðÈÚÆÚ»õÒì¾üÍ»Æð¡£
‡ø¼ÊÆÚ»õÊг¡µÄ·¢Õ¹£¬´óÖ¾ÀúÁËÓÉÉÌÆ·ÆÚ»õµ½½ðÈÚÆÚ»õ¡¢½»Ò×Æ··N²»¶ÏÔö¼Ó¡¢½»Ò×¹æÄ£²»¶ÏÀ©´óµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£
ÉÌÆ·ÆÚ»õÖ÷Òª°üÀ¨Å©²úÆ·ÆÚ»õ¡¢½ðÊôÆÚ»õºÍÄÜÔ´ÆÚ»õ¡£Å©²úÆ·ÆÚ»õ³ýСÂó¡¢ÓñÃס¢´ó¶¹µÈ¹ÈÎïÆÚ»õÍ⣬´Ó19ÊÀ¼ÍºóÆÚµ½20ÊÀ¼Í³õ£¬Ëæ×ÅеĽ»Ò×ËùÔÚÖ¥¼Ó¸ç¡¢Å¦Ô¼¡¢¿°Èø˹µÈµØ³öÏÖ£¬ÃÞ»¨¡¢¿§·È¡¢¿É¿ÉµÈ¾¼Ã×÷Î»ÆÓÍ¡¢¼¦µ°ÒÔ¼°ºóÀ´µÄÉúÖí¡¢»îÅ£¡¢ÖíëîµÈÐóÇݲúÆ·£¬Ä¾²Ä¡¢ÌìÈ»Ï𽺵ÈÁÖ²úÆ·ÆÚ»õҲ½ÐøÉÏÊУ»×îÔçµÄ½ðÊôÆÚ»õ½»Ò×µ®ÉúÓÚÓ¢‡ø¡£1876Äê³ÉÁ¢µÄÂ׶ؽðÊô½»Ò×Ëù£¨LME£©£¬¿ª½ðÊôÆÚ»õ½»Ò×Ö®ÏȺӣ¬Â׶ؽðÊô½»Ò×ËùÖ÷Òª´ÓÊÂͺÍÎýµÄ½»Ò×£¬ºóÀ´¼ÓÈëÁËǦ¡¢Ð¿Á½·N½ðÊôÉÏÊн»Ò×£¬ÆäÖÐÒÔÍ×îΪÖøÃû£¬ÖÁ½ñÂ׶ؽðÊô½»Ò×ËùµÄÆÚ»õ¼Û¸ñÒÀÈ»ÊLJø¼ÊÓÐÉ«½ðÊôÊг¡µÄÇçÓê±í£»20ÊÀ¼Í70Äê´ú³õ°lÉúµÄʯÓÍΣ»ú£¬Ö±½Óµ¼ÖÂʯÓ͵ÈÄÜÔ´ÆÚ»õµÄ²úÉú¡£Ä¿Ç°£¬Å¦Ô¼ÉÌÒµ½»Ò×Ëù£¨NYMEX£©ÊÇÊÀ½çÉÏ×î¾ßÓÐÓ°ÏìÁ¦µÄÄÜÔ´²úÆ·½»Ò×Ëù£¬ÉÏÊеÄÆ··NÓÐÔÓÍ¡¢ÆûÓÍ¡¢È¡Å¯ÓÍ¡¢±ûÍéµÈ¡£
Ëæ×ŵڶþ´ÎÊÀ½ç´óÕ½ºó²¼À׶ÙÉÁÖÌåϵµÄ½âÌ壬20ÊÀ¼Í70Äê´ú³õ£¬¹Ì¶¨»ãÂÊÖƱ»¸¡¶¯»ãÂÊÖÆËùÈ¡´ú£¬ÀûÂʹÜÖƵȽðÈÚ¹ÜÖÆÕþ²ßÖð½¥È¡Ïû£¬»ãÂÊ¡¢ÀûÂʾçÁÒ²¨¶¯£¬ÔÚÕâ·N±³¾°Ï£¬½ðÈÚÆÚ»õÓ¦Ô˶øÉú¡£´Ó±¾ÊÀ¼Í70Äê´úÒÔÀ´£¬ÆÚ»õ½»Ò×µÄÆ··N½á¹¹°lÉúÁËÖØ´ó±ä»¯£¬Õ¼´«Í³Ö÷µ¼µØλµÄÅ©²úÆ·ÆÚ»õ½»Ò×ÔÚÆä¾ø¶ÔÁ¿Ôö³¤µÄͬʱ£¬ÔÚÕû¸öÆÚ»õÊг¡ÖÐËùÕ¼µÄÊг¡·Ý¶îÓÐËùϽµ£¬½ðÈÚÆÚ»õ·¢Õ¹Ñ¸ËÙ¡£
ÆÚ»õÑ¡ÔñȨ½»Ò׳öÏÖ²¢µÃµ½ÁËѸËÙ·¢Õ¹¡£1982Äê10ÔÂ1ÈÕ£¬ÃÀ‡ø³¤ÆÚ‡øÕ®ÆÚ»õÆÚȨºÏÔ¼ÔÚÖ¥¼Ó¸ç½»Ò×ËùÉÏÊУ¬Òý·¢ÁËÆÚ»õ½»Ò×µÄÓÖÒ»³¡¸ïÃü¡£ÆÚȨ½»Ò×ÓëÆÚ»õ½»Ò׶¼Óйæ±Ü·çÏÕ£¬ÌṩÌ×ÆÚ±£ÖµµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£µ«ÆÚ»õ½»Ò×ÊÇΪÏÖ»õÉÌÌṩÌ×ÆÚ±£ÖµµÄÇþµÀ£¬¶øÆÚȨ½»Òײ»½ö¶ÔÏÖ»õÉ̾ßÓйæ±Ü·çÏÕµÄ×÷Ó㬶øÇÒ¶ÔÆÚ»õÉ̵ÄÆÚ»õ½»Ò×Ò²¾ßÓÐÒ»¶¨³Ì¶ÈµÄ¹æ±Ü·çÏÕµÄ×÷Óá£Ï൱ÓÚ¸ø¸ß·çÏÕµÄÆÚ»õ½»Ò×ÂòÉÏÒ»·Ý±£ÏÕ¡£Ä¿Ç°£¬‡ø¼ÊÆÚ»õÊг¡ÉϵĴ󲿷ÖÆÚ»õ½»Ò×Æ··N¶¼Òý½øÁËÆÚȨ½»Ò×·½Ê½¡£
¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬Ä¿Ç°‡ø¼ÊÆÚ»õÊг¡µÄ»ù±¾Ì¬ÊÆÊÇÉÌÆ·ÆÚ»õ±£³ÖÏà¶ÔÎȶ¨£¬½ðÈÚÆÚ»õºóÀ´¾ÓÉÏ£¬ÆÚ»õÆÚȨ·½ÐËδ°¬¡£
µÚ¶þ£º½»Ò×ËùºÏ²¢ÓëÁªºÏÇ÷ÊƵõ½¼ÓÇ¿£¬µÚÈýÊÀ½çÆÚ»õÊг¡·ÉËÙ·¢Õ¹¡£
ÉÏÊÐÏàͬºÏÔ¼µÄ¸÷‡ø½»Ò×Ëù»ý¼«ÁªÍø£¬½¨Á¢Ï໥¶Ô³åÌåϵ¡£ÈçÖ¥¼Ó¸çÆÚ»õ½»Ò×ËùÓëÂ׶؇ø¼Ê½ðÈÚÆÚ»õ½»Ò×Ëù¡¢Ï¤ÄáÆÚ»õ½»Ò×ËùÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢ÁËÕâÒ»Öƶȡ£Ö¥¼Ó¸çÉÌÒµ½»Ò×ËùÓëмÓƇø¼Ê½ðÈÚ½»Ò×ËùÖ®¼ä½¨Á¢Á˹²Í¬¶Ô³åÌåϵ¡£½üÄêÀ´£¬Õâ·NÏ໥¶Ô³åÖƶȽøÒ»²½ÍØÕ¹µ½¸÷‡ø½»Ò×ËùµÄË«±ßµç×Ó½»Ò×£¬ÌṩÏÖ´ú»¯µÄͨѶÁªÏµ£¬ÒÔ±ã¸÷×ÔÔÚ±¾½»Ò×ËùÂòÂô¶Ô·½×îÈÈÃŵĽ»Ò×Æ··N¡£
ÆÚ»õ½»Ò×½ÏΪ·¢´ïµÄÎ÷·½‡ø¼Ò·×·××ßÉϽ»Ò×ËùºÏ²¢µÄµÀ·¡£1994ÄêŦԼÁ½¼Ò×î´óµÄÆÚ»õ½»Ò×Ëù------ŦԼÉÌÆ·½»Ò×ËùºÍŦԼÉÌÒµ½»Ò×ËùÐû²¼ºÏ²¢£¬¹²ÓÃÒ»¸ö½»Ò×´óÌü¡£ÆÚ»õÊг¡µÄÁ½´ó¾ÞÍ·------Ö¥¼Ó¸çÆÚ»õ½»Ò×ËùºÍÖ¥¼Ó¸çÉÌÒµ½»Ò×ËùÒ²ÓйýºÏ²¢µÄÒâÏò¡£ÈÕ±¾µÄÆÚ»õ½»Ò×Ëù´ÓÔÓеÄ10Óà¼ÒºÏ²¢ÎªÏÖÔÚµÄ7¼Ò¡£·¨‡ø‡ø¼ÊÆÚ»õ½»Ò×ËùºÍ°ÍÎ÷ÉÌÆ·ÆÚ»õ½»Ò×Ëù¶¼ÊÇÔڼ沢ÁˇøÄÚÆäËû½»Ò×ËùµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ×齨µÄ×ÛºÏÐÔ½»Ò×Ëù¡£ÆÚ»õÊг¡ÊÇÒ»¸öͨ¹ýÏÖ´ú»¯Í¨Ñ¶ÊÖ¶ÎÁª½áÆðÀ´µÄ¼¯ÖÐͳһµÄ¹«¿ªÊг¡£¬Êг¡¹æÄ£Ô½¼¯ÖУ¬¼Û¸ñÐγÉÔ½¹«Æ½¡¢Í³Ò»£¬Êг¡Á÷¶¯ÐÔÔ½´ó¡£ÔÚÊг¡¾ºÕùºÍµç×Ó¼ÆËã»ú¼¼Êõ¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓõÄÇé¿öÏ£¬ÔÚÏàͬӪҵʱ¼äµÄʱÇøÄÚ£¬Í¬Ò»ÉÏÊÐÆ··N¼¸ºõ²»¿ÉÄÜÔÚ¶à¼Ò½»Ò×ËùͬʱȡµÃ³É¹¦£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÁªÍø¡¢ºÏ²¢²»Ê§ÎªÀ©´ó½»Ò×¹æÄ£ºÍ·¢»ÓÊг¡¹¦ÄܵÄÓÐЧ;¾¶¡£
µÚÈý£º½»Ò×Êֶβ»¶Ï´´Ð¡£
ÆÚ»õ½»Ò׵ķ¢Õ¹Óë¿ÆѧµÄ½ø²½¼¸ºõÊDZ£³Öͬ²½µÄ¡£´«Í³µÄÆÚ»õ½»Ò×ÊÇÒÔ³¡ÉϹ«¿ªº°¼ÛµÄ·½Ê½ÎªÖ÷¡£Ëæ×ÅÏÖ´úµç×ÓºÍͨѶ¼¼ÊõµÄ·ÉËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬Ê¹ÆÚ»õÊг¡´òÆÆÁËʱ¿ÕÏÞÖÆ¡£²ÉÓõç×Ó»¯µÄ½»Ò×·½Ê½£¬Ö»ÒªÆÚ»õ¾¼ÍÉ̵ļÆËã»úÖÕ¶ËÓë½»Ò×ËùÖ÷»úÁªÍø£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÏòÖ÷»úÊäÈëÂòÂôºÏÔ¼µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ÓÉÖ÷»ú×Ô¶¯´éºÏ³É½»£¬´ó´ó¸ÄÉÆÁËÆÚ»õÊг¡½»Ò×Ö¸Áî¼°¼Û¸ñÐÅÏ¢µÄ´«ËÍ×´¿ö£¬Ê¹·Ö²¼ÔÚ¸÷¸öµØ·½µÄ½»Ò×Õ߶¼¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÖÕ¶ËÉϵõ½Í¬ÑùµÄ¼Û¸ñÐÅÏ¢£¬Ñ¸ËÙ½øÐн»Òס£ÏÖÔÚ£¬¼´Ê¹ÊÇÄÇЩ¼á³Ö´«Í³µÄ¹«¿ª½Ð¼Û·½Ê½µÄ½»Ò×Ëù£¬Ò²¶¼ÆÕ±éÅäÖÃÁËÏȽøµÄµç×ÓͨѶÉ豸¡£
ÆÚ»õÊг¡ÊÇÒ»¸ö¹«¿ªµÄÐÅÏ¢Êг¡¡£ÔÚÏÖ´úͨѶ¼¼Êõ¹ã·ºÓ¦ÓÃÇé¿öÏ£¬ÐÅÏ¢µÄ´«µÝ´òÆÆÁËʱ¿Õ½çÏÞ£¬Ê¹È«ÇòÁªÎªÒ»Ì壬ÐγÉÆÚ»õÊг¡µÄÐÅÏ¢‡ø¼Ê»¯£¬Ê¹¼Û¸ñ·¢ÏÖ¹¦ÄÜ¡¢ÐÅÏ¢×ÊÔ´¹²ÏíÌåÏֵøü³ä·Ö¡£
3¡¢ÖЇøÆÚ»õÊг¡µÄ²úÉúÓë·¢Õ¹
µÚÒ»¡¢ÖЇøÆÚ»õÊг¡²úÉúµÄ±³¾°
Á¸Ê³Á÷ͨÌåÖƵĸĸ¼Û¸ñ¸Ä¸ï×îÔç´ÓÅ©²úÆ·¿ªÊ¼£¬ÏÖ»õ¼Û¸ñ²»¹«¿ªºÍʧÕæÒÔ¼°Êг¡È±·¦±£Öµ»úÖÆ£¬ÒýÆðÁËÁìµ¼ºÍѧÕߵĹØ×¢£¬Äܲ»Äܽ¨Á¢Ò»·N»úÖÆ£¬¼È¿ÉÒÔÌṩָµ¼Î´À´Éú²ú¾Óª»î¶¯µÄ¼Û¸ñÐźţ¬ÓÖ¿ÉÒÔ·À·¶¼Û¸ñ²¨¶¯Ôì³ÉÊг¡·çÏÕ£¬80Äê´úºóÆÚ£¬Ò»ÅúѧÕßÌá³öÁ˽¨Á¢Å©²úÆ·ÆÚ»õÊг¡µÄÉèÏë¡£
µÚ¶þ¡¢ÖЇøÆÚ»õÊг¡·¢Õ¹µÄ½×¶Î
1£©¡¢1990Äê10ÔÂ12ÈÕÖ£ÖÝÁ¸Ê³Åú·¢Êг¡¾‡øÎñÔºÅú×¼£¬ÒÔÏÖ»õ½»Ò×Ϊ»ù´¡£¬ÒýÈëÆÚ»õ½»Ò×»úÖÆ£¬Âõ³öÁËÖЇøÆÚ»õÊг¡·¢Õ¹µÄµÚÒ»²½£¬1991Äê6ÔÂ10ÈÕÉîÛÚÓÐÉ«½ðÊô½»Ò×Ëù³ÉÁ¢£¬1991Äê5ÔÂ28ÈÕÉϺ£½ðÊôÉÌÆ·½»Ò×Ëù¿ªÒµ£¬1992Äê9ÔµÚÒ»¼ÒÆÚ»õ¾¼Í¹«Ë¾---¹ã¶«ÍòͨÆÚ»õ¾¼Í¹«Ë¾³ÉÁ¢£¬±êÖ¾ÖЇøÆÚ»õÊг¡ÔÚ¾ÀúÁË40¶àÄêºóÖØÐÂÔÚÖЇø»Ö¸´£»
2£©¡¢ÉϺ£Á¸ÓÍÉÌÆ·½»Ò×ËùµÈ½»Ò×ËùµÄÏà¼Ì³ÉÁ¢ÒÔ¼°ÆÚ»õ¾¼Í¹«Ë¾µÄ¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹Ê¹ÖЇøµ±´úÆÚ»õÊг¡½øÈëÁËÒ»¸öÎÞÐò·¢Õ¹Ê±ÆÚ£»
3£©¡¢¼à¹ÜÄÜÁ¦µÄÖÆÔ¼ÒÔ¼°·¨¹æµÄÖͺ󣬽»Ò×ËùÓëÆÚ»õ¾¼Í¹«Ë¾ÀûÒæµÄ¾ºÕù£¬µ¼ÖÂÊг¡Î¥¹æʼþʱÓаlÉú£¬1994ÄêÏ°ëÄ꿪ʼ£¬‡øÄÚÆÚ»õÊг¡½øÈëÕû¶ÙÆÚ;
4£©¡¢ÎȲ½·¢Õ¹ÆÚ»õÊг¡Ð´Èë“Ê®Îå”·¢Õ¹¸ÙÒª£¬ÖЇøÆÚ»õÊг¡¿ªÊ¼ÓÐËù¸´ËÕ¡£